Table of Contents
It is a component of permanent way laid transversely under the rails and performing the following functions.
Depending upon the position in a railway track, sleepers may be classified as:
1. Longitudinal Sleepers
2. Transverse Sleepers
i. Timber / wooden sleepers
ii. Steel Sleepers
iii. Cast Iron Sleepers
iv. Concrete Sleepers
Untreated railway sleepers are prone to attack by decay and vermin. The life of untreated wooden sleepers is thus very less. The life of untreated sleepers can be prolonged considerably by treatment. An extra life of 30-50% is estimated for treated sleepers over untreated railway sleepers.
The fibers of wood contain millions of minute cells containing juices. When these juices ferment, they lead to decay of timber. In the treatment process these juices are removed as much as possible and cells are filled with some preserving solutions may be an oil or some salt solution.
The number of sleepers required to be placed under the track per rail length is called as its sleepers density.
It is generally given by the formula Sleeper density = n + x
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